雅思写作高分必备技能——同义改写

　　“同义改写”是雅思口语和写作非常重要的技能，对于提升雅思各个科目的成绩有着很大的帮助，在雅思大作文写作中，同义替换不仅用于开头段改述题目，更要在主体段通过对题中关键词进行充分替换来展示词汇水平甚至拓展论述思路。

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　　一、同义替换举例

　　例句：Paraphrasing is one of the most important skills to learn before doing your IELTS test.

　　改写: Prior to taking the IELTS test, mastering paraphrasing is one of the most crucial things to do.

　　改写句通过同义词替换、改变语法结构、调整语序表达了与原句同样的意思。词汇方面，crucial=important,  prior=before；语法方面，mastering paraphrasing = paraphrasing；语序方面，将原句before的部分前置。这样的改写十分充分，目标高分考生应练习同时使用多种方式改写句子。下面介绍常用的4种方式。

　　二、4种常用改写方法

　　1. 同义词替换

　　这是大家最为熟悉的改写方式，通过使用同义词来改述原句。例如：

　　原句：My car needs petrol.

　　改写：My vehicle requires fuel.

　　改写句尽可能多地替换了原句重点词汇。短短4个词的句子换了3个词，充分展示了词汇能力。又如：

　　原句：Global warming is mostly caused by emissions from internal combustion engines.

　　改写：Climate change is mainly caused by the release of fumes from motor vehicles.

　　同义词替换是最简单常用的改写方式，但一定要注意用词准确，很多词意思相近而非相同，导致意思表达有误影响理解，进而导致LR失分。例如：

　　原句：Violent crime is on the rise among teenagers.

　　改写不当：Violent offences are rising among young people.

　　改写句用young people替换了teenagers，这两个词意思相似，但children、young  adults以及18-30岁的人都可以称为young people，所以更准确的替换应该是adolescents或 young people between the ages of 13-19.

　　正确改写：Violent offences are rising among adolescents.

　　小结：考生应只用自己100% 确定其准确性的词汇来进行改写，否则很可能出错失分。

　　2.调整语序

　　调整语序也是改写句子的有效方式，但一定要确认语序改变不会产生语法错误，还是要遵循100%原则：不100%确定改了之后不出错，就不要改，准确和多样性一样重要。调整语序等方式包括加词、减词、改变词性等。

　　（1）原句有从句时，改变从句顺序即可

　　题目句：As languages such as Spanish, Chinese and English become more widely used, there is a fear that many minority languages may die out.

　　语序改写：There is a fear that many minority languages may die out, as languages such as Spanish, Chinese and English become more widely used.

　　也可以通过增加一些同义词进行更充分的改写：

　　题目句：As languages such as Spanish, Chinese and English become morewidely used, there is a fear that many minority languages may die out.

　　语序&同义替换改写：There is dismay that many lesser used languages maypass away, as languages such as Chinese, English and Spanish become more broadly spoken.

　　（2）形容词改为定语从句

　　题目句：Learning to manage money is one of the key aspects to adult life.

　　定语从句改写：Learning to manage money is one of the aspects to adult life that is key.

　　3.改变词性

　　英语词汇有不同的形式，包括名词、动词、形容词、副词。改变词性是有效的改述方式，改后一定要注意维持语法的准确性。

　　题目句：Longer life spans and improvements in the health of older peoplesuggest that people over the age of sixty-five can continue to live full and active lives.

　　词性改写句：Longer life spans and improvements in the health of older people are suggesting that people over the age of sixty-five can continue living full and active lives.

　　4.主动/被动转换

　　题目句：The property developers invested $20 million in the development of the shopping centre.

　　被动语态改写句: $20 million was invested in the development of shopping centres.

　　被动语态主要用于表达非个人观点，例如：

　　主动句：People say that global warming is caused by the burning of fossil fuels.

　　被动句：Global warming is said to be caused by the burning of fossil fuels.

　　三、怎样使用上述改写方法

　　上述4种改写方法可以单独使用，也可以综合使用。语法改写（语序/词性）和同义替换比较常用。但无论使用哪种方法，一定要把握住100%原则：只使用自己100%确定准确的词汇和语法，不确定就坚决不要用。尤其是目标7+考生，与其为了“炫技”而出错，不如踏踏实实把所有句子写对。要想提升改写能力，唯一的途径就是多看范文、多练习，练的越多，越能发现其中的“窍门”或“套路”。