【洪川老师说口语】雅思口语7+秘籍-虚拟语气（1）

　　环球教育封闭学院口语教学主管、名人堂功勋教师、拥有15年教学经验的王洪川老师，今天给大家带来的主题是【雅思口语--虚拟语气】。学习雅思并非一朝一夕之事，坚持很难却也很酷。点击查看：雅思口语7+秘籍-虚拟语气（2）！

　　虚拟语气的定义

　　虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。

　　虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。

　　此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。

　　即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。

　　虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。

　　在雅思口语考试中，虚拟语气是一项非常耀眼的语法点，若果考生能够在口试过程中及时准确地使用出多种虚拟语气的句型来回答问题，肯定在语法评分上成为一个显著的加分项。

　　本书从虚拟语气的4种使用情况为读者们整理归纳了众多虚拟语气的句型。

图片来源网络

　　在条件状语从句的虚拟语气

　　1. 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。

　　① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式 (be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。

　　【句型结构】

　　If I were _____, I would/should/could/might do_______.

　　【练习指导】

　　Q: How to dispose garbage?

　　A: You know sometimes, people would litter around because they couldn’t find any trash can at hand. If I were in the position of my city’s mayor, I would invest a large sum of the city’s finance placing lots of trash bins along the roadside. Besides, I would carry out recycling programs and dispose of hazardous materials like batteries with far tougher standards. In a word, I think we just need to dispose of garbage in a safe and environmentally friendly manner.

　　② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时（即had＋过去分词），主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。

　　【句型结构】

　　If I had done_____ before, I could have done____.

　　【练习指导】

　　Q: Describe a place you want to visit

　　A: If I had got enough time and money three years ago, I could have traveled to Santorini which is one of the most luxurious destinations in Greece.

　　2. 除了表示虚假条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。

　　一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测，这个事实是完全可能发生的。

　　【句型结构】

　　If sb. were to / should + 动词原形，sb. would / should /could/ might +动词原形。

　　【练习指导】

　　Q: Will you buy perfume as a gift?

　　A: To be honest, giving others perfume as a gift is not that common with people I know. We prefer giving flowers or books instead because perfume seems to be kind of private. But it is really my mom’s favorite. If I should buy a bottle of Miss Dior for mom as her birthday gift, she might love it for sure.

　　含蓄条件

　　非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…，but for…（要不是因为...）等。

　　【句型结构】

　　But for+ noun, sb. would do…

　　Without + noun, sb. would not have done…

　　…, otherwise sb. would have done…

　　【练习指导】

　　Q: Do you think mathematics is important in our life?

　　A: Yes, I think so. You know, in our daily lives, most of us just think of mathematics as adding and subtracting like when go shopping, however, when you think about it more closely, you will realize that without mathematics, modern life would not be impossible. For instance, even some simple structures we take for granted such as bridge requires hundreds of different mathematical calculations in order to be designed, built and used safely.